ANSWERS TO A SHORT QUIZ ON MOTIVATION, EMOTION AND LEARNING

CORRECT ANSWERS

PART I - <5 POINTS>:

 1.  (C - air hunger)
 2.  (D - a young boy buys more stamps in order to build his collection)
 3.  (B - galvanometer)
 4.  (A - a mother takes care of her child)
 5.  (B - need to ally oneself with the familiar)

PART II - <5 POINTS>:

 6.  (love/joy)
 7.  (anger)
 8.  (grief)
 9.  (fear)
10. (anger)

PART III <10 POINTS>:

11. ("The law of effect states that if the response is rewarded and the reward is satisfying or pleasant, the connection is strengthened; if the effect is unpleasant or annoying, the connection is weakened." <Birion, J., et. al.: 1994> /// <2 Points>)

12. (In classical conditioning, extinction involves the process of presenting the conditioned stimulus without the unconditioned stimulus, resulting in the gradual decline in the strength <frequency> of a response until it is extinguished. In operant conditioning, extinction involves the process of withdrawing the reinforcement when the correct response is made, resulting in the gradual decline in the strength <frequency> of a response until it is extinguished. <2 Points>)

13. (Drive-reduction theory states that "motives are directed at the reduction of a psychological state which a person experiences as tension, and the person experiences pleasure from this reduction in tension or drive." <Atkinson, Rita L., et. al.: 1987> /// <2 Points>)

14. (Punishment decreases the likelihood that a behavior will be exhibited once more and it is often applied to inappropriate behavior. Negative reinforcement increases the likelihood that a behavior will be repeated and it is often applied to appropriate behavior in order to reinforce it. Spanking <punishment> a child for hitting his younger brother will stop the child from performing the same action on his brother once more --- at least, for some time. Turning off the television or radio when a child needs to study <negative reinforcement> will help the child to concentrate more intensely on his homeworks; thus, increasing the strength of his "study habit" behavior. <4 Points>)

SCORING AND INTERPRETATION: NUMERICAL AND VERBAL DESCRIPTIONS

20 Points ------------------------ Perfect

18 - 19 Points ----------------- Superior

16 - 17 Points ----------------- Very Satisfactory

13 - 15 Points ----------------- Good

12 Points And Below ----- A "Non-Parental, God-Only-Knows" Reminder To Take A Much Needed Break From Weeks Of "Hard Days Fun"

REFERENCES

"General Psychology," 4th Edition., Birion, J., et. al., 1994
"Introduction To Psychology," 3rd Edition., Bustos, Alicia S., et. al., 1999
"Introduction To Psychology," 9th Edition. Atkinson, Rita L., et. al., 1987

Recommended Study:

1. Find the similarities and differences between classical conditioning and operant conditioning using 4 major areas of comparison.
2. Describe "shaping" or the method of successive approximation.